Clinicopathological Evaluation of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Players of American Football.

نویسندگان

  • Jesse Mez
  • Daniel H Daneshvar
  • Patrick T Kiernan
  • Bobak Abdolmohammadi
  • Victor E Alvarez
  • Bertrand R Huber
  • Michael L Alosco
  • Todd M Solomon
  • Christopher J Nowinski
  • Lisa McHale
  • Kerry A Cormier
  • Caroline A Kubilus
  • Brett M Martin
  • Lauren Murphy
  • Christine M Baugh
  • Phillip H Montenigro
  • Christine E Chaisson
  • Yorghos Tripodis
  • Neil W Kowall
  • Jennifer Weuve
  • Michael D McClean
  • Robert C Cantu
  • Lee E Goldstein
  • Douglas I Katz
  • Robert A Stern
  • Thor D Stein
  • Ann C McKee
چکیده

Importance Players of American football may be at increased risk of long-term neurological conditions, particularly chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Objective To determine the neuropathological and clinical features of deceased football players with CTE. Design, Setting, and Participants Case series of 202 football players whose brains were donated for research. Neuropathological evaluations and retrospective telephone clinical assessments (including head trauma history) with informants were performed blinded. Online questionnaires ascertained athletic and military history. Exposures Participation in American football at any level of play. Main Outcomes and Measures Neuropathological diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases, including CTE, based on defined diagnostic criteria; CTE neuropathological severity (stages I to IV or dichotomized into mild [stages I and II] and severe [stages III and IV]); informant-reported athletic history and, for players who died in 2014 or later, clinical presentation, including behavior, mood, and cognitive symptoms and dementia. Results Among 202 deceased former football players (median age at death, 66 years [interquartile range, 47-76 years]), CTE was neuropathologically diagnosed in 177 players (87%; median age at death, 67 years [interquartile range, 52-77 years]; mean years of football participation, 15.1 [SD, 5.2]), including 0 of 2 pre-high school, 3 of 14 high school (21%), 48 of 53 college (91%), 9 of 14 semiprofessional (64%), 7 of 8 Canadian Football League (88%), and 110 of 111 National Football League (99%) players. Neuropathological severity of CTE was distributed across the highest level of play, with all 3 former high school players having mild pathology and the majority of former college (27 [56%]), semiprofessional (5 [56%]), and professional (101 [86%]) players having severe pathology. Among 27 participants with mild CTE pathology, 26 (96%) had behavioral or mood symptoms or both, 23 (85%) had cognitive symptoms, and 9 (33%) had signs of dementia. Among 84 participants with severe CTE pathology, 75 (89%) had behavioral or mood symptoms or both, 80 (95%) had cognitive symptoms, and 71 (85%) had signs of dementia. Conclusions and Relevance In a convenience sample of deceased football players who donated their brains for research, a high proportion had neuropathological evidence of CTE, suggesting that CTE may be related to prior participation in football.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

The National Football League and chronic traumatic encephalopathy: legal implications.

The growing awareness of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has the potential to change the public perception and on-field rules of the National Football League (NFL). More than 3,000 ex-NFL players or their relatives are engaged in litigation alleging that the NFL failed to acknowledge and address the neuropsychiatric risks associated with brain injuries that result from playing in the NFL...

متن کامل

Soccer (Football Association) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A short review and recommendation

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) was initially described in boxers, but in recent years it has been reported in other settings, particularly in contact sports and military personnel. Soccer (football association) had previously been (and still is) considered relatively safe when compared to other sports, such as American football. However, a few cases of professional soccer players with C...

متن کامل

Better News!

O ver the past decade, the sports medicine community has dealt with a very worrisome knowledge gap: that between those who suffer concussions playing football and the postmortem findings of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in former National Football League (NFL) players. At one end of the spectrum, we know that football players sustain regular head trauma, and as a medical community, we ...

متن کامل

The Long-Term Game: An Analysis of the Life Expectancy of National Football League Players

The National Football League (NFL) has recently received significant negative media attention surrounding the safety of its players, revolving largely around the long term health risks of playing the sport. Recent premature deaths and instances of suicide associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other football related injuries have brought the sport under increased scrutiny. By comp...

متن کامل

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: rugby's call for clarity, data and leadership in the concussion debate.

AMERICAN FOOTBALL FIRST... After US District Judge Judy Brody recently ruled that the consolidated multidistrict concussion litigation cases against the National Football League (NFL) in the USA were to be transferred to a labour arbitrator, the NFL agreed to a $765 million settlement. More than 4000 current and ex-NFL players, the plaintiffs in this case, allege that the NFL has misrepresented...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • JAMA

دوره 318 4  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2017